How Useful is it to See the World as a Society of States Essay

How Useful is it to See the World as a Society of States - Essay Example These individuals will experience a sense of solidarity and unity which drives them to establish, in essence a common social identity (Bar-Tal, 2000, 1). Conversely, the state is the body that according to Weber has the sole right or monopoly of power over anyone living within its jurisdiction. Lenin, on the other hand, has a similar definition of the state as being bodies of armed men (Parkin, 2003, 13). In the definitions of both men, one overriding theme in the interpretation of the state is the monopoly of power. If a body of people can claim this monopoly and have legal backing, for example, through elections or constitutions, they will then have then the right to claim the state tag on them (Dunne, 1998, 124). Origin of societies, states and man The societies and states have their origin in the Homo Sapien Sapien. This is the modern man starting from the Cro-Magnon Man all the way to the current man. There are a number of evolutionary stages, three in number that led to the com plex societies that exist today (Buzan, 1992, 343). The first stage is the structure of consciousness emerging, which consists of the magical, the mythical, the deep consciousness, and the ego-focused mental consciousness. The second stage is that of the development of communication from development of speech, writing, print, wired and wireless, electronic and now internet, and the third stage is that of three evolutionary stages namely the â€Å"human revolution† causing emergence of the Homo Sapien Sapien, the agricultural revolution and the scientific plus industrial revolution (Banathy, 2000, 107). This article wishes to recognize the Genesis story in the bible and will continue to draw comparisons between the evolution story and the creation story. A lot of similarities will be drawn from the two stories. For example, the evolution of agriculture features on both stories. The creation story is based around this stage, for example, the statement in Genesis chapter 3 verse s 17-19 where man is cursed to tend to the ground so that it may produce food for him. This ground is cursed to produce weeds and thorns as per the need to punish man. The bible is replete with agricultural settings that enhance this argument. The same applies to print technology, which allows the ancient writers to preserve the various works of God and Jesus as they form the state of Israel. Though many may beg to differ with this article, the facts are that the two stories are more similar than they are different. Back to Banathy’s argument, there are six stages of the change to the current status of man. These stages are archaic sapiens at the bottom; the Cro-Magnon Man who comprises the first stage in Homo Sapien Sapien’s evolution, the next stage is that of agriculture/ancient Civilizations, the next stage is that, of scientific and industrial evolution, the next stage is emerging stage. The final stage comprises the consciousness, intellect and the way of life cl usters. It is not easy to quantify the actual origin of human society. Question that begs an answer is when exactly human society began. Early man was quite social. This is driven by the fact that evidence points to small groups coming together to hunt, gather fruits as well as protection. At

Edgar Allen Poes The Cask Of Amontillado Essay -- essays research pap

Edgar Allen Poe's, "The Cask Of Amontillado," is a between two enemies. It humorously portrays the foil of Fortunato, as he is led through the catacombs. Poe's humour is dark, sarcastic and very ironic, which quickly becomes a signpost of the tale. Poe sets himself apart from other authors in his works, based on how he depicts and encounters death. It accentuates the notion that at times, your worst enemy will appear as your best friend. Pride is the downfall of every man and the same can be said for witty and daring tale fortunato. â€Å"The Cask of Amontillado† starts out with Montresor, the narrator, saying, â€Å"The thousand injuries of Fortunato I had borne as I best could; but when he ventured upon insult, I vowed revenge.† Simply by reading the first sentence of the story, it is easy to see that Montresor is vengeful and plans to get â€Å"revenge† on Fortunato and there is a lot more to come in the story. Montresor also has a coat of arms which is, â€Å"A huge human foot d’or, in a field azure; the foot crushes a serpent rampant whose fangs are imbedded in the heel,† with a motto of, â€Å"Nemo me impune lacessit,† which stands for no one attacks me with impunity. The coat of arms and the family motto both suggest retribution. The arms symbolize Montresor and Fortunato, Fortunato stepping on Montresor, the snake, and Montresor getting even with Fortunato, the foot. Not only is Montresor vengeful, he is also very intelligent in his actions. In order to bring Fortunato into the wine cellars, Montresor had to make sure that â€Å"there were no attendants at home.† Montresor tells the reader, â€Å"They had absconded to make merry in honor of the time. I had told them that I should not return until the morning, and had given explicit orders not to stir from the house. These orders were sufficient; I well knew, to insure their immediate disappearance, one and all, as soon as my back was turned.† Montresor knew that by telling his servants that he would be gone until the morning they would go to the carnival whether he had told them to stay home or not. Montresor was also a mason and used his skill and intelligence to seal the fate of Fortunato. Montresor had hid building stone and mortar in the cellar under a pile of bones, and had carried a trowel with him. He did such a good job sealing the niche in the wall, where Fortunato stood chained, and replacing the bones that, â€Å"Fo... ...ine, to lead him to his own death. Fortunato is an Italian friend of Montresor's, and his sworn enemy, whom Montresor has planned to ‘‘punish with impunity. ‘‘Although Montresor's explains that Fortunato has committed a "thousand injuries’’ and a final "insult," no details of these offences are given. Fortunato displays no uneasiness in Montresor's company, and is unaware that his friend is plotting against him. Fortunato, a respected and feared man, is a proud connoisseur of fine wine, and, at least on the night of the story, he clouds his senses and judgment by drinking too much of it. What ever Fortunato had done to Montresor or his family must have been so unforgivable to make Montresor do such an evil deed. I believe that Poe is using the old saying keep your friends close but your enemies closer My conclusion to the story â€Å"the cask of amontillado† is that Poe creates a story that makes you want to read on find out if Montressor will succeed in his crime and will he get away with it?. The writer uses very good atmosphere to captivate the reader and make the scene feel chilling and scary. Poe creates a nightmare, guaranteed to give the reader a sleepless night.

Argument Essay : Fast Food Essay

Directions: Turn off the Track Changes feature. Copy your edited draft (from above). Paste it below and highlight it. Then in the Review tab, find the Changes group and select Accept All Changes from the Accept drop-down menu (if you are using Microsoft 2003, on the Reviewing toolbar click Accept Change). Sign the honor statement below. Then, open your Argument Essay Rubric and copy and paste it after the honor statement . Save the changes to this document. Use the link provided in Blackboard to submit this document to your instructor. The instructor should then be able to see the entire process you took to create your final draft. â€Å"Over the last three decades, fast food has infiltrated every nook and cranny of American society,† writes Eric Schlosser in Fast Food Nation. In the beginning, the fast food restaurant started with a cafeteria-style restaurant known as the â€Å"Automat† in New York on July 7, 1912. Then, in 1921, White Castle restaurants were started in Wichita, Kansas, selling hamburgers for five cents. By 1948, McDonalds was opened by two brothers from Nashua, New Hampshire, who developed the concept of selling hamburgers, French fries, shakes, coffee, and coca cola in disposable wrappings. So from its humble beginnings, the fast food industry has become an undeniable factor in our society. Certainly, with our ever increasing and busy society, eating at fast food restaurants has become the norm. Families that have busy schedules, such as taking their kids to various activities, attending church functions, and late meetings rely heavily on fast food as a meal choice. For example, about one-quarter of adults and a third of children eat at fast food restaurants on any given day. According to the American Journal of Public Health, consumers have spent $16. 1 billion in 1975 to $153. 1 billion in 2004 on fast food. Consequently, the nutritional value of fast food has been limited due to the usage of pre-processed foods. Commonly, pre-processed foods are delivered to restaurants frozen, canned, dehydrated, or freeze-dried. Unfortunately, the higher calorie, fat, and sugar content these pre-processed foods contain, could potentially lead to a high levels of obesity in adults and children. However, in comparing one fast food meal with 1,680 calories to one home cooked meal with 546 calories, which choice would be better? Most of all, each individual must understand that making the appropriate nutritional choice, is his or her responsibility. Particularly, parents need to monitor portion sizes that are given to their children, and in the same manner, adults also need to monitor their portion sizes. Monitoring portion sizes can help eliminate the onset of obesity in children and adults. Eric Schlosser, Fast Food Nation states, â€Å"the typical American now consumes approximately three hamburgers and four orders of French fries every week. † Clearly, it is evident that the fast food industry has been an undeniable factor in our society since its humble beginnings. Principally, it is up to us, individually, to eliminate unhealthy habits that will affect us and our families in an adverse manner. Most important, the Bible gives us a foundational key to follow to be healthy. That foundational key is â€Å"My son, do not forget my law, but let your heart keep my commands; for length of days and long life; it will be health to your flesh, and strength to your bones†. (Proverbs 3:1-2, 8 (NKJV)) Works Cited Austin, Bryn. â€Å"Clustering of Fast-Food Restaurants Around Schools: A Novel Application of Spatial Statistics to the Study of Food Environments† American Journal of Public Health Volume 95, number 9. September (2005): 1575 – 1581 â€Å"Fast Food Restaurant†. Wikipedia. 11 March 2011, 19 March 2011http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Fast_food_restaurant Schlosser, Eric. Fast Food Nation. Massachusetts. Houghton Mifflin, 2001.

Sibling Rivalry in as You Like It - 1466 Words

Sibling Rivalry: Sibling rivalry is a type of competition or animosity among children, blood-related or not. The sibling bond is often complicated and is influenced by factors such as parental treatment, birth order, personality, and people and experiences outside the family. According to a child psychologist sibling rivalry is particularly intense when children are very close in age and of the same gender, or where one child is intellectually gifted. In history and literature, there have been great sibling rivalries. Sibling rivalry is a common theme in the works of Shakespeare. A number of Shakespeares plays display incidences of sibling rivalry including the way King Lear provokes rivalry among his three daughters. In The Taming of the†¦show more content†¦We find out about the rivalry between Oliver and Orlando in Act 1 Scene 1. Orlando was complaining to Adam how Oliver had been treating him. Orlando complains that he has not been given education. Oliver sends Jacques to school but keeps Orlando at home to remain a rustic. Instead of educating him like a gentleman, Oliver behaves like a tyrant. He thus had flouted his father’s written will. Not only that, Oliver is even jealous of Orlando’s good qualities, his kind nature, his noble devices, and him being loved by the world and especially his own people that Oliver himself was misprized. Oliver becomes so obsessed with his revenge that he incites Charles to kill Orlando telling him that he was a foolish, self-willed person who was conspiring against his own brother (Oliver) to kill him. Oliver suggests Charles to kill him rather than to break his bone and leave him alive as he would try to kill Charles, in a fair or a non-fair method, and take his revenge. We also come to know that Oliver does not hate Orlando for he had asked for money etc. The real reason was that he was jealous of Orlando’s good qualities and fair reputation. In Act 2 Scene 3, we come to know from Adam that Oliver had failed to do any harm to Orlando in the wrestling match and was therefore now planning to burn the room in which Orlando would be sleeping. From this we come to know how deep is the feeling of revenge in Oliver that he was readyShow MoreRelatedSibling Rivalry At My Home1023 Words   |  5 PagesParents cannot stop all sibling rivalry, but they can help and talk about fighting each other is not the right thing to do no matter what the situation is. This kind of rivalry hardly describes the situation we call sibling rivalry. It is not ongoing saga of two siblings each trying to be better than the other . They are not not playing fairly by any predetermination rules, and they don t respect each other. They are angry, jealous, and vengeful, and use underhanded tactics torment each other andRead MoreCauses Of Sibling Rivalryry1208 Words   |  5 Pagesfamilies, once their children start to grow up, rivalries between siblings be come more apparent. The leading cause of sibling rivalry the different ways in which parents treat their children. Through a childs life, this rivalry is seen as normal, a bit of jealousy or a verbal fight with a sibling. But sibling rivalry is when you are constantly jealous of another sibling, in a competition, and always fighting with your siblings. The cause of sibling rivalry is typically seen because of a childs birthRead MoreAdvantages And Disadvantages Of Being A Sibling1022 Words   |  5 Pages In a typical family you have the mom, dad and you got some kids. Thats where its get interesting, as the youngest in a family I can say being a sibling of older brother has it advantages but also has its many disadvantages. Sibling rivalry is about having brothers and sisters and having a constant competition with them. With constant competition it could cause family tension but it creates the solid foundation for great relationships and both sides of the rivalry continue to better themselves throughRead MoreSibling Rivalry1355 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿ Comp 101 3 October 2013 Sibling Rivalries As people grow up, competition starts to become apparent. With competition comes many other problems, some of which include rivalries. Rivalries are defined as a state of competition or antagonism. Sometimes groups of people, or even family members, will become overly competitive and create these rivalries. Some of the worst types are those within siblings. Sibling rivalry is often a major problem in households, especially between children closeRead MoreStop Being A Referee ! Parenting Advice For Eliminate Sibling Rivalry1028 Words   |  5 PagesStop Being a Referee! Parenting Advice to Eliminate Sibling Rivalry By Patricia Thomasson | Submitted On January 20, 2011 Recommend Article Article Comments Print Article Share this article on Facebook Share this article on Twitter Share this article on Google+ Share this article on Linkedin Share this article on StumbleUpon Share this article on Delicious Share this article on Digg Share this article on Reddit Share this article on Pinterest Expert Author Patricia Thomasson As a mother ofRead MoreSibling Rivalry988 Words   |  4 PagesSibling Rivalry Sibling rivalry is one of humanity s oldest problems. One of the first stories in the Bible deals with the rivalry between two brothers, Cain and Abel. The older brother, Cain, was irritated at constantly having to help take care of his younger brother, Abel, and kept asking his parents: Am I my brother s keeper? The story of these two brothers has a tragic ending; Cain becomes so angry that he kills Abel. The fact that this is one of the first stories within theRead More Sibling Rivalry Essay956 Words   |  4 Pages Sibling Rivalry Sibling rivalry is one of humanitys oldest problems. One of the first stories in the Bible deals with the rivalry between two brothers, Cain and Abel. The older brother, Cain, was irritated at constantly having to help take care of his younger brother, Abel, and kept asking his parents: quot;Am I my brothers keeper?quot; The story of these two brothers has a tragic ending; Cain becomes so angry that he kills Abel. The fact that this is one of the first stories within the BibleRead MoreGetting Along1220 Words   |  5 Pageswith one another. But, how do you accomplish that? You can help bring peace and cooperation to your home by implementing some key strategies. Start a dialogue that promotes cooperation by talking about household rules and family expectations. Then, help your children learn productive ways of managing conflict. Finally, do your part as a parent to discourage sibling rivalry. ==Steps== ===Encouraging Cooperation=== #Communicate and enforce household rules. The rules you set in your household are theRead MoreSibling Rivalry1446 Words   |  6 PagesSibling Rivalry is the jealousy, competition, and fighting between brothers and sister which can show itself in practically every child’s family. Fights if unmanaged can lead to serious cases such as the permanent enmity between adult siblings. In nature there are extreme cases of sibling rivalry. For example, as baby sharks develop within the mother’s womb, one of the sharks usually the biggest one devours the others, ensuring for himself all of the available food resources when the shark is bornRead MoreEssay on The Rich Brother by Tobias Wolff1107 Words   |  5 Pages The short story, The Rich Brother, by Tobias Wolff represents the same concept that everyday people all over the world encounter. This portrays how having siblings can be an enormous part of a persons life. The rivalry between siblings is often very competitive, but at the same time similar to magnets. When they are not connected it may seem they are independent and whole, but when examined closely it is obvious they are really relying on each other to function properly. Although Pete and Donalds

What Happens When Viruses Evolve

All living things must exhibit the same set of characteristics in order for them to be classified as living (or once living for those that have died off at some point in time). These characteristics include maintaining homeostasis (a stable internal environment even when the external environment changes), ability to produce offspring, an operating metabolism (meaning chemical processes are happening within the organism), exhibiting heredity (the passing down of traits from one generation to the next), growth and development, responsiveness to the environment the individual is in, and it must be made up of one or more cells. How Do Viruses Evolve and Adapt? Viruses are an interesting topic virologists and biologists study due to their relationship to living things. In fact, viruses are not considered to be living things because they do not exhibit all of the characteristics of life that are referenced above. This is why when you catch a virus there is no real â€Å"cure† for it. Only the symptoms can be treated until the immune system hopefully works it out. However, it is no secret that viruses can cause some serious damage to living things. They do this by essentially becoming parasites to healthy host cells. If viruses are not alive, though, can they evolve? If we take the meaning of â€Å"evolve† to mean change over time, then yes, viruses do indeed evolve. So where did they come from? That question has yet to be answered. Possible Origins There are three evolutionary-based hypotheses for how viruses came into being, which are debated among scientists. Others dismiss all three and are still looking for answers elsewhere. The first hypothesis is called the â€Å"escape hypothesis.† It was asserted that viruses are actually pieces of RNA or DNA that broke out, or â€Å"escaped† from various cells and then began invading other cells. This hypothesis is generally dismissed because it does not explain intricate viral structures, such as capsules that surround the virus, or mechanisms that can inject the viral DNA into host cells. The â€Å"reduction hypothesis† is another popular idea about the origin of viruses. This hypothesis claims that viruses were once cells themselves that became parasites of larger cells. While this explained much of why host cells are needed for viruses to thrive and reproduce, it is often criticized for the lack of evidence, including why small parasites do not resemble viruse s in any way. The final hypothesis about the origin of viruses has come to be known as the â€Å"virus first hypothesis.† This says viruses actually predated cells — or at least, were created at the same time as the first cells. However, since viruses need host cells in order to survive, this hypothesis does not hold up. How We Know They Existed Long Ago Since viruses are so small, there are no viruses within the fossil record. However, since many types of viruses integrate their viral DNA into the genetic material of the host cell, traces of viruses can be seen when DNA of ancient fossils is mapped out. Viruses adapt and evolve very quickly since they can produce several generations of offspring in a relatively short amount of time. The copying of the viral DNA is prone to many mutations in every generation since the host cells checking mechanisms are not equipped to handle â€Å"proofreading† the viral DNA. These mutations can cause the viruses to quickly change over a short period of time, driving viral evolution to be done at very high speeds. What Came First? Some paleovirologists believe that RNA viruses, those that only carry RNA as genetic material and not DNA, may have been the first viruses to evolve. The simplicity of the RNA design, along with these types of viruses’ abilities to mutate at an extreme rate, make them excellent candidates for the first viruses. Others believe, however, that the DNA viruses came into being first. Most of this is based on the hypothesis that viruses were once parasitic cells or genetic material that escaped their host to become parasitic.

Psychosocially Therapeutic Aspects of The Old Man and the...

Psychosocially Therapeutic Aspects of The Old Man and the Sea by Hemingway This exceptional story should be used as a therapeutic aid for hopeless and depressed people who needed a powerful force for continuing struggles of life against fate. They should say as the boy Manolin, Ill bring the luck by myself. In the story the old man tells us It is silly not to hope...besides I believe it is a sin. Hemingway draws a distinction between two different types of success: outer-material and inner-spiritual. While the old man lacks the former, the importance of this lack is eclipsed by his possession of the later. He teaches all people the triumph of indefatigable spirit over exhaustible resources. Hemingways hero as a perfectionist man†¦show more content†¦This sentence proclaims one of the novels themes, the heroic struggle against unchangeable fate. Indeed, the entire first paragraph emphasizes Santiagos apparent lack of success. For example, It made the boy sad to see the old man come in each day with his skiff empty. And most powerfully, The sail was patched with flour sacks and, furled, it looked like the flag of permanent defeat. This type of descriptive degradation of Santiago continues with details of his old, worn body. Even his scars, legacies of past successes, are old as erosions in a fishless desert . All this changes suddenly, though, when Hemingway says masterfully, Everything about him was old except his eyes and they were the same color as the sea and were cheerful and undefeated. This draws attention to a dichotomy between two different types of success: outer, material success and inner, spiritual success.. Also, Santiagos eye color foreshadows Hemingways increasingly explicit likening of Santiago to the sea, suggesting an analogy between Santiagos indomitable spirit and the seas boundless strength. The old man had taught the boy to fish and the boy loved him. Manolin is Santiagos apprentice, but their relationship is not restricted to business alone. Manolin idolizes Santiago?as we are meant to?but the object of this idolization is not only the once great thoughShow MoreRelatedPsychosocial Aspects of the Old Man and the Sea6923 Words   |  28 PagesPsychosocially therapeutic aspects of The old Man and the Sea This exceptional story should be used as a therapeutic aid for hopeless and depressed people who needed a powerful force for continuing struggles of life against fate. They should say as the boy Manolin, Ill bring the luck by myself. In the story the old man tells us It is silly not to hope...besides I believe it is a sin. Hemingway draws a distinction between two different types of success: outer-material and inner-spiritual. While

Shaman as a Hero Free Essays

Illustrate thoroughly the essential characteristics of the shaman by referring to events in the mythical narratives about at least two ancient heroes of this type (e. g. , Gilgamesh, Herakles, and Cu Chulainn). We will write a custom essay sample on Shaman as a Hero or any similar topic only for you Order Now Shaman as a Hero Traditionally, the shaman is a character in a religious position who communicates with the afterlife in some way. By altering forms of consciousness, the shaman is able to encounter and interact with the spirit world. In early myths and tales in oral literature the motif of shaman like characteristics is a trend that is evident. However, in these tales the shaman is intertwined with the stereotypical epic Hero. This creates characters that are complicated and intriguing. Tales such as The Epic of Gilgamesh and The Labors of Herakles display a heroic figure that is not only strong in physique but also possesses a divine connection with the afterlife and the gods. With these attributes, these heroes encounter many obstacles that require more than pure brawn to overcome and venture to dark spiritual places alluding to the afterlife/ underworld. A very common tradition in these oral myths is a conquest of either beasts or some type of wild force that inhibits the shamanistic hero’s culture or people from prospering. In The Epic of Gilgamesh, Gilgamesh is faced with many challenges. One challenge particularly threatens his kingdom. Once Gilgamesh and Enkidu have returned from their forest journey, the goddess Ishtar becomes overcome with lust for Gilgamesh. Gilgamesh refuses Ishtar and out of spite, Ishtar asks her father to send down the Bull of Heaven to punish him, bringing seven years of famine with it. With the help of Enkidu, Gilgamesh wrestles and kills the bull. By doing this, Gilgamesh overcomes the beast for the good of his people. Gilgamesh’s morality and greed is questioned but his ability as a leader never falters. His lust leaves no virgin to her lover, neither the warrior’s daughter nor the wife of the noble; yet this is the shepherd of the city, wise, comely, and resolute. † Nearly the entire tale of Herakles revolves on the hero overcoming some type of impending force, whether that be slaying the Hydra or obtaining the Belt of Hippolyte. None of these tasks di rectly inhibit his people, but they do offer atonement for his own pain/ guilt that he feels for slaying his own children. The heroes’ epic triumphs are much more than just grand acts of strength and bravery, these triumphs offer the hero a chance to grow in spirituality during their journey. Gilgamesh’s defeat of the Bull of Heaven results in the death of his friend Enkidu at the hands of the gods, which therefore sends him on a quest to discover himself and overcome his fear of death by speaking with Utnapishtim. On the other hand, Herakles’ many obstacles offer him the opportunity to put his mind at rest for his past actions. Both heroes’ journeys result in a feeling of peace, accomplishment, and understanding. The Heroes in both of these epics also travel to places that seem to be of another world. By eluding to the afterworld/ afterlife these heroes share another shamanistic characteristic. In The Epic of Gilgamesh the hero travels far and wide in search for the answer to eternal life. Gilgamesh battles two large scorpions that guard an entry into a dark place between two mountains. In this journey he comes across a veiled tavern keeper who warns him of his futile pursuit and sends him onward to a ferryman. This is an allusion to the River Styx, which separates the living world from the dead. During the passage across the sea, the water is constantly referred to as death, and the environment continues to be ominous and haunting. This particular part of Gilgamesh’s journey directly relates him to the shaman. In his search for the answer to eternal life, Gilgamesh interacts with the dead and ventures to places where no mortal had been before. Similar to Gilgamesh, Harakles also ventures to places of the undead. Herakles must travel to the Underworld to take on the vicious guard dog of Hades, Cerberus. This task is the twelfth and final labor of Harakles. In this labor, the theme of the dead is very obvious. Herakles interacts with many â€Å"souls† and spirits. In particular, Herakles encounters phantoms empty of blood. This mention of bloodless creatures directly is related to the dead and life after death. This interaction displays the shaman characteristics of Herakles. Although Herakles is a brut and heroic force that is impending to any opposing challenege; Herakles also shows a great sense of wisdom and understanding of the spirit world. Both of these heroes use their wisdom and shamanistic characteristics to alleviate some type of concern in their life. Herakles’ actions alleviate his guilt, and Gilgamesh’s journey alleviates his overwhelming fear of death. After reviewing and enjoying these myths, I have come to realize that Gilgamesh and Herakles are much more than just a traditional hero. Gilgamesh and Herakles are quite complex characters that have inner struggles as well as physical battles/ challenges. The struggles of these heroes’ spirituality give the reader a sense of connection to the character and offer something that can be directly related to. This spirituality also can be seen as a sense of weakness; however this weakness eventually leads to an overwhelming sense of accomplishment and drives the heroes to seek out the answers that allow for the hero to become stronger in mind and physicality. How to cite Shaman as a Hero, Papers